Gradient association between pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus among households with a tuberculosis case: a contact tracing-based study.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remain high morbidity and mortality, especially when they are comorbid with each other. Screening for diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis is essential as the incidence and mortality of DM in the population with PTB are higher than in the general people. We aimed to examine the gradient association of tuberculosis on developing DM, the additional yield and the number needed to screen (NNS) to find a new diabetes case. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 801 tuberculosis cases and 972 household contacts in Guizhou, China, from April 2019 to October 2020. After screening for PTB among contacts, all participants were screened for DM and interviewed. Kendall's tau-b test and proportional odds logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the gradient associations. Among the 1773 subjects, the additional yield of screening was 21.8%. The NNSs of the non-PTB group, the sputum-culture negative and positive groups were 50, 60 and 113, respectively. The gradient incremental establishment of DM and PTB were positively correlated. The general trend on the gradient of DM significantly increased with the gradient increase of PTB. Age 35 years and over, excessive edible oil intake and DM family history were identified as significant predictors of diabetes. Integrated screening for DM targeted to different gradients of PTB combined with associated factors is necessitated to achieve a higher additional yield.

Anilinas vs. organofosforados: la implicación de la empresa Bayer en las polémicas en torno al Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico / Anilines vs. organophosphates: the involvement of the Bayer company in the controversies surrounding the Toxic Oil Syndrome

La aparición de la intoxicación alimentaria en España en el año 1981, causante del Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico, unido a la imposibilidad de encontrar la toxina responsable de la enfermedad, potenció la posibilidad de señalar otros agentes causales, en particular un pesticida organofosforado de la casa Bayer, Nemacur. Se desarrolló así una línea alternativa a la decisión oficial, liderada por los médicos Antonio Muro y Luís Frontela, particularmente defendida, en España, por la empresa editorial Grupo 16. La polémica traspasó las fronteras españolas y se difundió a través de los medios de comunicación alemanes; los miembros del grupo político Los Verdes/Die Grünen tuvieron especial interés en servir de amplificador a estas suposiciones. La llegada de esta ola de acusaciones a Alemania, a principios de febrero de 1985, fue el detonante que alarmó a la empresa Bayer y le obligó a dar explicaciones para evitar poner en peligro la imagen corporativa de la multinacional química de Leverkusen. La documentación conservada en los archivos de la empresa alemana aporta nueva luz sobre esta polémica (AU)

Como dosar as quantidades corretas de óleos, gorduras, sal e açúcar?

O uso de ingredientes culinários processados como óleos, gorduras, sal e açúcar são comumente utilizados ao temperar e cozinhar alimentos e criar preparações culinárias. Em uma alimentação adequada e saudável, esperamos que esses produtos sejam utilizados com moderação para não trazer prejuízos à saúde.

Thermoplastic mung bean starch/natural rubber/sericin blends for improved oil resistance.

Oil resistant thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) were prepared using mung bean thermoplastic starch (MTPS) blending with rubbers and sericin. Sericin was incorporated into MTPS as a compatibilizer. MTPS with sericin (MTPSS) was blended with natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized NR (ENR). Sericin at 5% improved the tensile strength (10 MPa), elastic recovery (52%) and morphology of the MTPSS/ENR blend. The mechanical properties, elastic recovery and morphology of the MTPSS5/NR blend were improved by the addition of ENR. The MTPSS/ENR showed palm (28%) and motor oils (8%) swelling resistance because of the hydrophilicity of MTPS and high polarity of ENR. The MTPSS/ENR/NR showed gasoline swelling resistance (104%) because of the hydrophilicity of MTPS and low polarity of NR. FTIR confirmed a reaction between the -NH groups of sericin and the epoxy groups of ENR. This reaction improved the compatibility, mechanical properties, elastic recovery, morphology and oils swelling resistance of the blends.

The Impact of Preconceptional Hysterosalpingography with Oil-based Contrast on Maternal and Neonatal Iodine Status.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of preconceptional exposure to oil-based iodinated contrast in the hysterosalpingography (HSG) on pregnant women and their offspring's iodine status, thyroid function, and the outcomes of pregnancy. A cross-sectional evaluation of iodine status was performed on pregnant women with the preconceptional experience of ethiodized-oil HSG. For those found to have iodine excess (with serum iodine concentration (SIC) > 92 µg/L), a prospective follow-up was conducted until termination of the pregnancy or 1 week postpartum. Among 70 of 425 pregnant women with preconceptional ethiodized-oil HSG, iodine excess was initially confirmed in 38 (54.3%), with an elevated SIC (294.00 µg/L [142.00, 123.20]) and urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) (830.00 µg/g Cr [437.50, 255.30]), both higher than the normative data (P = 0.000, P = 0.000). Subsequent follow-up in pregnancy showed a downward trend in both SIC and UI/Cr. Thirty-four women delivered healthy neonates at full term, though the other 4 cases of premature birth, abnormal fetal karyotype, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal cardiac defect were reported. After delivery, the iodine concentration in maternal breast milk and neonatal urine was 584.50 µg/L [328.50, 1507.50] and 424.00 µg/L [277.00, 657.50], respectively, both higher than normative data (P = 0.001, P = 0.015). For thyroid evaluation, 25 cases (65.79%) of clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and 2 cases (5.26%) of thyrotoxicosis were confirmed in women with iodine excess. Neither goiter nor thyroid dysfunction was detected in any offspring. Preconceptional exposure to oil-based contrast in HSG might exert a far-reaching impact on maternal and offspring iodine status, and tend to result in increased risk of maternal thyroid dysfunction.

21-Day dermal exposure to aircraft engine oils: effects on esterase activities in brain and liver tissues, blood, plasma, and clinical chemistry parameters for Sprague Dawley rats.

This dermal study tested the potential toxicity of grade 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) organophosphate-containing aircraft engine oils in both new (G3-N, G4-N) and used states (G3-U, G4-U) to alter esterase activities in blood, brain and liver tissues, clinical chemistry parameters, and electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. A 300 µl volume of undiluted oil was applied in Hill Top Chamber Systems®, then attached to fur-free test sites on backs of male and female Sprague Dawley rats for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 21 days. Recovery rats received similar treatments and kept for 14 days post-exposure to screen for reversibility, persistence, or delayed occurrence of toxicity. In brain, both versions of G3 and G4 significantly decreased (32-41%) female acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity while in males only G3-N and G4-N reduced (33%) AChE activity. Oils did not markedly affect AChE in liver, regardless of gender. In whole blood, G3-U decreased female AChE (29%) which persisted during recovery (32%). G4-N significantly lowered (29%) butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in male plasma, but this effect was resolved during recovery. For clinical chemistry indices, only globulin levels in female plasma significantly increased following G3-N or G4-N exposure. Preliminary electrophysiology data suggested that effects of both versions of G3 and G4 on hippocampal function may be gender dependent. Aircraft maintenance workers may be at risk if precautions are not taken to minimize long-term aircraft oil exposure.

Impact of cooking oil fume exposure and fume extractor use on lung cancer risk in non-smoking Han Chinese women.

Smoking tobacco is the major risk factor for developing lung cancer. However, most Han Chinese women with lung cancer are nonsmokers. Chinese cooking methods usually generate various carcinogens in fumes that may inevitably be inhaled by those who cook the food, most of whom are female. We investigated the associations of cooking habits and exposure to cooking fumes with lung cancer among non-smoking Han Chinese women. This study was conducted on 1,302 lung cancer cases and 1,302 matched healthy controls in Taiwan during 2002-2010. Two indices, "cooking time-years" and "fume extractor use ratio," were developed. The former was used to explore the relationship between cumulative exposure to cooking oil fumes and lung cancer; the latter was used to assess the impact of fume extractor use for different ratio-of-use groups. Using logistic models, we found a dose-response association between cooking fume exposure and lung cancer (odds ratios of 1, 1.63, 1.67, 2.14, and 3.17 across increasing levels of cooking time-years). However, long-term use of a fume extractor in cooking can reduce the risk of lung cancer by about 50%. Furthermore, we provide evidence that cooking habits, involving cooking methods and oil use, are associated with risk of lung cancer.

Effects of Trans, Trans-2,4-decadienal on the Ions Currents of Cardiomyocytes: Possible Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis Induced by Cooking-oil Fumes.

Household air pollution has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. One of the major sources of household air pollutants is the combustion of cooking oils during cooking. Trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE) is a type of dienaldehyde that is present in a wide range of food and food products. It is a byproduct of the peroxidation of linoleic acid following the heating of oil during cooking. The mechanisms of the associations between household air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias are currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of tt-DDE on the ion currents in H9c2 cells. The IK and ICa,L in H9c2 cells treated with and without tt-DDE were measured using the whole-cell patch clamp method. Expressions of Kv2.1 and Cav1.2 in H9c2 cells treated with and without tt-DDE were measured by western blot analysis. After the H9c2 cells had been exposed to tt-DDE, the IK and ICa,L were significantly decreased. The expression of Kv2.1, unlike that of Cav1.2, was also significantly decreased in these cells. These changes in IK and ICa,L that were induced by tt-DDE may help to explain the association between cardiac arrhythmogenesis and cooking-oil fumes.

Production, safety, health effects and applications of diacylglycerol functional oil in food systems: a review.

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a world leading anti-obesity functional cooking oil synthesized via structural modification of conventional fats and oils. DAG exits in three stereoisomers namely sn-1,2-DAG, sn-1,3-DAG, and sn-2,3-DAG. DAG particularly sn-1,3-DAG demonstrated to have the potential in suppressing body fat accumulation and lowering postprandial serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol and glucose level. DAG also showed to improve bone health. This is attributed to DAG structure itself that caused it to absorb and digest via different metabolic pathway than conventional fats and oils. With its purported health benefits, many studies attempt to enzymatically or chemically synthesis DAG through various routes. DAG has also received wide attention as low calorie fat substitute and has been incorporated into various food matrixes. Despite being claimed as healthy cooking oil the safety of DAG still remained uncertain. DAG was banned from sale as it was found to contain probable carcinogen glycidol fatty acid esters. The article aims to provide a comprehensive and latest review of DAG emphasizing on its structure and properties, safety and regulation, process developments, metabolism and beneficial health attributes as well as its applications in the food industry.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia in children: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical-radiological-pathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with suspected exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP). DESIGN: Systematic review. We searched electronic databases and reference lists published between 1967 and 2018, restricted to non-accidental cases. RESULTS: Forty-four studies including 489 participants aged 1 day to 17 years from 13 countries were included. Cultural, medical, and behavioural rationale for oil-use was described. The clinical-radiological presentation varied widely. Diagnostic certainty was deemed highest if ELP was confirmed on bronchoalveolar lavage/frozen section lung biopsy with documented extracellular lipid on cytological staining and/or fat analysis. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection was identified in six studies: Mycobacterium fortuitum/chelonei, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Treatment comprised supportive therapy, corticosteroids, stopping oil, therapeutic lung-lavage and surgical resection. Outcomes were reported inconsistently. CONCLUSION: Paediatric ELP resulting from cultural and medical practices continues to be described globally. Preventive interventions, standardized reporting, and treatment efficacy studies for cases not averted, are lacking. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42017068313.

Cannabinoid Oil Vaping-Associated Lung Injury and its Radiographic Appearance.

BACKGROUND: Lung injury associated with cannabinoid oil vaping is rapidly becoming a serious public health concern. We describe the clinical and radiographic presentations of 5 patients with lung injury associated with vaping cannabinoid oils seen at a single institution. RESULTS: Of the 5 patients with suspected vaping-associated lung injury seen at our institution, 4 required supplemental oxygen, and all these 4 were admitted to the hospital. Three patients required admission to the intensive care unit. None of the patients required mechanical ventilation. All patients demonstrated a consistent radiologic appearance of diffuse bilateral ground-glass lung opacities that spared the extreme periphery. Three patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, which revealed lipid-laden macrophages in 2 of them. All patients were successfully discharged from the hospital. Four received only supportive care, while the fifth required intravenous followed by oral corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: We report the clinical and radiographic presentation of 5 patients at our institution with cannabinoid oil vaping-associated lung injury. All patients displayed a consistent chest radiographic pattern of injury. Most responded to supportive care, although one required the addition of corticosteroids. Bronchoalveolar lavage results suggest that this injury may related to a toxic form of lipoid pneumonia.

Thermally Processed Oil Exaggerates Colonic Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis in Mice.

Frying in vegetable oil is a popular cooking and food processing method worldwide; as a result, the oils used for frying are widely consumed by the general public and it is of practical importance to better understand their health impacts. To date, the effects of frying oil consumption on human health are inconclusive, making it difficult to establish dietary recommendations or guidelines. Here we show that dietary administration of frying oil, which was prepared under the conditions of good commercial practice, exaggerated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in mice. In addition, dietary administration of frying oil impaired intestinal barrier function, enhanced translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacteria from the gut into the systemic circulation, and increased tissue inflammation. Finally, to explore the potential compounds involved in the actions of the frying oil, we isolated polar compounds from the frying oil and found that administration of the polar compounds exacerbated DSS-induced colitis in mice. Together, our results showed that dietary administration of frying oil exaggerated development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice, and these effects could be mediated by the polar compounds in the frying oil.

[Injected non-absorbable fillers in large volumes]. / In''ektsionnye nerassasyvaemye fillery miagkikh tkanei v bol'shikh ob''emakh.

AIM: To present treatment strategy for large volumes of injectable non-absorbable 'shell-less' soft tissue fillers (vaseline, synthol, silicone etc.). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present an experience of surgical treatment of 8 patients who underwent injections of medical vaseline (breast augmentation, n=5) and synthol (muscles enlargement, n=3) and review of the current literature devoted to this problem. RESULTS: Injection of large amounts (over 50 ml) of non-absorbable fillers into soft tissues is unacceptable and leads to numerous complications. Oil-based 'shell-less' fillers cannot be removed by minimally invasive techniques (puncture, mini-incisions, etc.) due to multiple diffuse lesions in the form of oleogranulomas (cysts of different size) and surrounding widespread inflammation and fibrosis of tissues. Surgery is the only adequate method. However, this approach is followed by scars and often tissue contour deformation. Migration of these fillers to other anatomical areas (from the neck to the lower extremities) significantly complicates the situation, treatment and results. In case of categorical refusal of patients from surgical treatment and no complaints, they should be properly informed about possible consequences and complications and dynamic medical supervision is necessary. Intraoperative ultrasound examination is useful for the control of radical removal of pathological areas. Timely removal of non-absorbable fillers allows to avoid serious complications and to achieve good aesthetic results.

Overcoming the Bitter Taste of Oils Enriched in Fatty Acids to Obtain Their Effects on the Heart in Health and Disease.

Fatty acids come in a variety of structures and, because of this, create a variety of functions for these lipids. Some fatty acids have a role to play in energy metabolism, some help in lipid storage, cell structure, the physical state of the lipid, and even in food stability. Fatty acid metabolism plays a particularly important role in meeting the energy demands of the heart. It is the primary source of myocardial energy in control conditions. Its role changes dramatically in disease states in the heart, but the pathologic role these fatty acids play depends upon the type of cardiovascular disease and the type of fatty acid. However, no matter how good a food is for one's health, its taste will ultimately become a deciding factor in its influence on human health. No food will provide health benefits if it is not ingested. This review discusses the taste characteristics of culinary oils that contain fatty acids and how these fatty acids affect the performance of the heart during healthy and diseased conditions. The contrasting contributions that different fatty acid molecules have in either promoting cardiac pathologies or protecting the heart from cardiovascular disease is also highlighted in this article.